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NEW QUESTION # 22
What is the preferred source for the installation of new applications in a Linux based operating system?
- A. A CD-ROM disk
- B. The distribution's package repository
- C. A retail store
- D. The vendor's website
- E. The vendor's version management system
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following commands are used to get information on the proper use of ls? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. manual ls
- B. man ls
- C. usage ls
- D. option ls
- E. info ls
Answer: B,E
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which of the following statements are true regarding a typical shell script? (Choose two.)
- A. It is compiled into a binary file compatible with the current machine architecture.
- B. It starts with the two character sequence #!.
- C. It is located in /usr/local/scripts/.
- D. It has the executable permission bit set.
- E. It is located in /etc/bash/scripts/.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Explanation
A typical shell script is a text file that contains a series of commands or instructions that can be executed by a shell interpreter. A shell script usually has the executable permission bit set, which means that it can be run as a program by the user or another program. A shell script also starts with the two character sequence #!, which is called a shebang or a hashbang. This sequence tells the operating system which shell interpreter to use to run the script. For example, #!/bin/bash indicates that the script should be run by the bash shell. References:
* Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI) 1
* Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs 2
NEW QUESTION # 25
What are the differences between a private web browser window and a regular web browser window? (Choose three.)
- A. Private web browser windows do not send regular stored cookies.
- B. Private web browser windows do not support logins into websites.
- C. Private web browser windows do not keep records in the browser history.
- D. Private web browser windows do not store cookies persistently.
- E. Private web browser windows do not allow printing or storing websites.
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation:
Explanation
A private web browser window is a mode of browsing that prevents the browser from saving your browsing history, cookies, and other site data, or information entered in forms. However, it does not prevent websites, your employer or school, or your internet service provider from tracking your online activity. The main differences between a private web browser window and a regular web browser window are:
* Private web browser windows do not store cookies persistently. Cookies are small files that websites use to store information on your device, such as your preferences, login status, or tracking data. In a regular web browser window, cookies are stored until they expire or you delete them. In a private web browser window, cookies are deleted when you close all private windows.
* Private web browser windows do not keep records in the browser history. The browser history is a list of
* web pages that you have visited in the past. In a regular web browser window, the browser history is saved and can be accessed by anyone who uses the same device or profile. In a private web browser window, the browser history is not saved and cannot be viewed by anyone.
* Private web browser windows do not send regular stored cookies. When you visit a website in a regular web browser window, the browser sends any cookies that are stored for that website. This allows the website to recognize you and provide personalized content or services. When you visit a website in a private web browser window, the browser does not send any cookies that are stored in regular windows.
This prevents the website from identifying you or linking your activity across different sessions.
References: Browse in private - Computer - Google Chrome Help, Browse InPrivate in Microsoft Edge - Microsoft Support, Private Browsing: What Is It and How to Use It | Edge Learning Center
NEW QUESTION # 26
A directory contains the following files:
What would be the output of the following shell script?
for file in *.txt
- A. A. txt
- B. *.txt
- C. a b
- D. A.txt
- E. c.cav
- F. txt
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The shell script uses a for loop to iterate over the files that match the pattern *.txt in the current directory. The pattern *.txt means any file name that ends with .txt, regardless of the case. The loop body simply prints the value of the variable file, which holds the name of the current file in each iteration. Therefore, the output of the shell script would be the names of the files that end with .txt, one per line. In this case, the files are A.txt and b.txt, so the output would be:
a.txt b.txt
This corresponds to option E. The other options are incorrect for the following reasons:
* Option A: *.txt is not the output of the shell script, but the pattern that the loop uses to match the files.
The shell expands the pattern to the actual file names before executing the loop.
* Option B: a and b are not the names of the files, but the first characters of the file names. The loop prints the whole file name, including the extension.
* Option C: c.cav is not a file that matches the pattern *.txt, because it has a different extension. The loop ignores files that do not end with .txt.
* Option D: A.txt is only one of the files that matches the pattern *.txt, but not the only one. The loop prints both A.txt and b.txt.
References: 1: 9 Examples of for Loops in Linux Bash Scripts - How-To Geek 2 3: Looping Statements | Shell Script - GeeksforGeeks 1 4: shell - Loop through all the files with .txt extension in bash - Stack Overflow 5
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following commands finds all lines in the file operating-systems.txt which contain the term linux, regardless of the case?
- A. igrep linux operating-systems.txt
- B. grep -i linux operating-systems.txt
- C. cut linux operating-systems.txt
- D. less -i linux operating-systems.txt
- E. cut [Ll] [Ii] [Nn] [Uu] [Xx] operating-systems.txt
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The grep command is used to search for a pattern in a file or input. The -i option makes the search case-insensitive, meaning that it will match both uppercase and lowercase letters. The grep command takes the pattern as the first argument and the file name as the second argument. Therefore, the command grep -i linux operating-systems.txt will find all lines in the file operating-systems.txt which contain the term linux, regardless of the case. References: Linux Essentials - Topic 103: Finding Linux Documentation and Linux Essentials - Topic 104: Command Line Basics
NEW QUESTION # 28
What is the return value of a shell script after successful execution?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 29
Running the commandrm Downloadsleads to the following error:
rm: cannot remove 'Downloads/': Is a directory
Which of the following commands can be used instead toremoveDownloads, assumingDownloadsis empty? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. rem Downloads
- B. undir Downloads
- C. rm -r Downloads
- D. rmdir Downloads
- E. dir -r Downloads
Answer: C,D
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following commands sets the variable USERNAME to the value bob?
- A. set USERNAME bob
- B. USERNAME<=bob
- C. USERNAME=bob
- D. var USERNAME=bob
- E. $USERNAME==bob
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct command to set the variable USERNAME to the value bob is USERNAME=bob. This command assigns the string bob to the variable name USERNAME, using the equal sign (=) as the assignment operator.
There is no space around the equal sign, and the variable name and value are case-sensitive. This command sets a shell variable, which is only valid in the current shell session. To make the variable an environment variable, which can be inherited by child processes and subshells, you need to use the export command, such as export USERNAME=bob. The other commands are not valid for setting variables in Linux. The set command is used to set orunset shell options and positional parameters, not variables. The $ sign is used to reference the value of a variable, not to assign it. The == sign is used for comparison, not assignment. The var keyword is not used in Linux, but in some other programming languages. The <= sign is used for redirection, not assignment. References:
* Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
* How to Set and List Environment Variables in Linux | Linuxize
NEW QUESTION # 31
A user is currently in the directory/home/user/Downloads/and runs the command ls ../Documents/ Assuming it exists, which directory's content is displayed?
- A. /Documents/
- B. /home/user/Documents/
- C. /home/Documents
- D. /home/user/Documents/Downloads/
- E. /home/user/Downloads/Documents/
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The command ls .../Documents/ lists the contents of the directory /home/user/Documents/. The reason is that the argument .../Documents/ is a relative path that refers to the parent directory of the current directory, which is /home/user/, followed by the subdirectory Documents/. The ls command displays the files and directories in the specified path, or the current directory if no path is given. The command does not change the current directory, so the user remains in /home/user/Downloads/. References:
* Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 103.1, Weight 2
* Linux Essentials Certification Guide, Chapter 3, Page 49-50
* Ls Command in Linux (List Files and Directories) | Linuxize
NEW QUESTION # 32
What information can be displayed bytop?
- A. Existing files, ordered by their size.
- B. User accounts, ordered by the number of logins.
- C. User accounts, ordered by the number of files.
- D. Running processes, ordered by CPU or RAM consumption.
- E. User groups, ordered by the number of members.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The top command is a Linux command that shows the running processes on the system. It provides a dynamic real-time view of the system performance and resource usage. The top command can display various information about the processes, such as their process ID, user, priority, state, CPU and memory usage, command name, and more. The top command can also sort the processes by different criteria, such as CPU or RAM consumption, by using the interactive commands. The top command is useful for monitoring the system load and identifying the processes that are consuming the most resources. References:
* Linux Essentials Topic 104: The Linux Operating System, section 104.3: Basic features and commands of the Linux standard shells.
* Linux Essentials Topic 106: Security and File Permissions, section 106.4: Monitor and manage Linux processes.
NEW QUESTION # 33
The current directory contains the following file:
-rw-r-r- 1 root exec 24551 Apr 2 12:36 test.sh
The file contains a validshell script, but executing this file using./test.shleads to this error:
bash: ./test.sh: Permission denied
What should be done in order to successfully execute the script?
- A. The script should be run using#!./test. shinstead of./test.sh.
- B. The SetUID bit should be set in the file's permissions
- C. The file's extension should be changed from .shto.bin.
- D. The execute bit should be set in the file's permissions.
- E. The user executing the script should be added to theexecgroup.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which of the following commands can be used to resolve a DNSname to an IP address?
- A. iplookup
- B. dnsname
- C. query
- D. host
- E. dns
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which of the following permissions are set on the/tmp/directory?
- A. rwxrwxrwt
- B. ------rwX
- C. r-xr-X--t
- D. rwSrw-rw-
- E. rwxrwS---
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct permissions for the /tmp directory are rwxrwxrwt, which means that the owner, group, and others have read, write, and execute permissions, and that the sticky bit is set. The sticky bit is a special permission that prevents users from deleting or renaming files that they do not own in a shared directory. The /tmp directory is used for storing temporary files that may be created by different users and processes, so it needs to be accessible and writable by all, but also protected from unauthorized deletion or modification of files. The rwxrwxrwt permissions can be set by using the chmod command with either the octal mode 1777 or the symbolic mode a+trwx. References: : [File system permissions] : [Sticky bit] : [chmod]
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which of the following statements is true about Free Software?
- A. It may be modified by anyone using it.
- B. It must always be available free of charge.
- C. It is developed by volunteers only.
- D. It only runs on Linux.
- E. It is only distributed as a compiled binary.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which of the following Linux Distributions is derived from Red Hat Enterprise Linux?
- A. CentOS
- B. Debian
- C. openSUSE
- D. Ubuntu
- E. Raspbian
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 38
What command displays manual pages? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
Answer:
Explanation:
man Explanation The command that displays manual pages for Linux commands is the man command. The man command is used to display the manual pages for a given command or topic. For example, to view the manual page for the ls command, you can type:
man ls
This will open the manual page for the ls command in a pager, which allows you to scroll and search through the text. You can also specify the section number of the manual page if there are multiple pages with the same name. For example, to view the manual page for the passwd command in section 1, you can type:
man 1 passwd
The man command is one of the most useful and important commands for learning and using Linux. It provides detailed information about the syntax, options, arguments, examples, and other aspects of a command or topic. You can also use the --help option to get a brief summary of the usage and options of a command. For example, to get a quick help for the man command, you can type:
man --help
To learn more about the man command and how to use it effectively, you can refer to the following resources:
* Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 103.1, Weight 2
* Linux Essentials Certification Guide, Chapter 3, Page 51-52
* How to Access Manual Pages for Linux Commands - Linux Tutorials - Learn Linux Configuration
* How to Easily Read a Linux Man Page - Make Tech Easier
NEW QUESTION # 39
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