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NEW QUESTION # 95
下列哪一項可以提供最好的證據來證明雲端提供者的變更管理流程是有效的？
- A. 供應商提供的第三方審核結果
- B. 供應商執行長和資訊長的書面保證
- C. 供應商提供的變更管理政策的副本
- D. 與供應商定期召開變更管理會議的會議記錄
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 96
資訊系統稽核員在檢查新電子商務系統的資料庫控制時發現資料庫配置中存在安全漏洞。 IS 審計員的下一步行動應該是下列哪一項？
- A. 試著利用該弱點。
- B. 向高階管理層揭露調查結果。
- C. 確定現有的緩解控制措施。
- D. 協助起草糾正措施。
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 97
核心系統在計畫更新一週後出現故障，導致服務中斷。在解決問題時，事件管理最需要關注下列哪一項？
- A. 確保在系統復原運作之前完整記錄所有解決步驟
- B. 盡快將系統恢復到運作狀態
- C. 將不成功的變更回滾到之前的狀態
- D. 分析中斷的根本原因，確保事件不會再發生
Answer: B
Explanation:
The most important thing for incident management to focus on when addressing an issue that causes an outage is restoring the system to operational state as quickly as possible. Incident management is the process of detecting, investigating, and resolving incidents that disrupt or degrade a service or system. An incident is an unplanned event that affects the normal functioning or quality of a service or system. An outage is a type of incident that causes a complete loss of service or system availability. The main goal of incident management is to restore the service or system to its operational state as quickly as possible, minimizing the impact on users and business operations.
*The other options are not as important as option B. Analyzing the root cause of the outage to ensure the incident will not re-occur is a valuable activity, but not the most important thing for incident management to focus on when addressing an issue that causes an outage. Root cause analysis is a process of identifying and eliminating the underlying factors that caused an incident or problem. Root cause analysis can help to prevent or reduce the likelihood of similar incidents or problems in the future. However, root cause analysis is usually performed after the incident has been resolved and the service or system has been restored. Ensuring all resolution steps are fully documented prior to returning the system to service is a good practice, but not the most important thing for incident management to focus on when addressing an issue that causes an outage.
Documentation is a process of recording and maintaining information about an incident and its resolution steps. Documentation can help to improve communication, accountability, learning, and improvement within incident management. However, documentation should not delay or interfere with the restoration of the service or system. Rolling back the unsuccessful change to the previous state is a possible solution, but not the most important thing for incident management to focus on when addressing an issue that causes an outage.
Rolling back is a process of reverting a change that has been applied to a service or system that caused an incident or problem. Rolling back can help to restore the service or system to its previous state before the change was made.
NEW QUESTION # 98
評估新開發的應用程式有效性的最佳方法是：
- A. 執行安全程式碼審查
- B. 分析負載測試結果。
- C. 執行實施後審核。
- D. 查看驗收測試結果。
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 99
當 IS 審計發現防火牆無法識別多次攻擊嘗試時，審計員的最佳建議是在防火牆和以下各項之間放置入侵偵測系統 (IDS)：
- A. 互聯網。
- B. 組織的 Web 伺服器。
- C. 組織的網路。
- D. 非軍事區 (DMZ)。
Answer: A
Explanation:
When an IS audit reveals that a firewall was unable to recognize a number of attack attempts, the auditor's best recommendation is to place an intrusion detection system (IDS) between the firewall and the Internet, as this would provide an additional layer of security and alert the organization of any malicious traffic that bypasses or penetrates the firewall. Placing an IDS between the firewall and the demilitarized zone (DMZ), the organization's web server, or the organization's network would not be as effective, as it would only monitor the traffic that has already passed through the firewall. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 5, Section 5.4.3
NEW QUESTION # 100
對於審查組織新建立的企業架構 (EA) 的 IS 審計員來說，下列哪一項應該是最重要的？
- A. 負責設計IT架構的人員沒有相關認證。
- B. 設計 IT 架構時沒有諮詢外部專家。
- C. 設計 IT 架構時沒有諮詢業務領導者的意見。
- D. 未採用標準架構方法來設計 IT 架構。
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 101
下列何者最能顯示軟體開發專案預計在規定的期限內完成？
- A. 使用者驗收測試（UAT）期間發現的問題已在原始實施日期之前解決。
- B. 技術規格和開發要求已達成協議並正式記錄。
- C. 軟體開發生命週期的每個階段都已記錄專案計畫截止日期。
- D. 計劃的軟體上線日期已提前傳達給最終用戶和利害關係人。
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 102
在確定審計期間收集的證據的品質時，最重要的是確保證據：
- A. 及時、可靠、合理。
- B. 有效、完整、準確。
- C. 充分且來自資訊來源。
- D. 有說服力且適用。
Answer: D
Explanation:
ISACA defines sufficient and appropriate evidence as the standard for audit conclusions. Appropriateness relates to relevance (applicability) and reliability (persuasiveness). Evidence that is persuasive and directly applicable to the audit objective provides stronger assurance than evidence that is merely timely, complete, or reasonable. While the other options describe desirable qualities, they do not encompass the full ISACA standard. Thus, the most complete characterization of quality evidence is that it must be persuasive and applicable to the audit's purpose.
References (ISACA): ISACA Audit & Assurance Standards; ISACA ITAF Guidelines on Evidence.
NEW QUESTION # 103
在審核小型組織的資料分類流程和程序時，資訊系統審核員注意到資料通常分類在錯誤的層級。組織改善這種情況最有效的方法是什麼？
- A. 進行資訊分類政策意識演示和研討會。
- B. 使用基於內容的自動文件分類。
- C. 在企業入口網站上發布資料分類政策。
- D. 讓IT安全人員對資料擁有者進行有針對性的訓練。
Answer: D
Explanation:
This is the most effective way for the organization to improve its data classification processes and procedures, because data owners are the ones who are responsible for assigning the appropriate level of classification to the data they create, collect, or manage. Data owners should be aware of the data classification policy, the criteria for each level of classification, and the implications of misclassification. IT security staff can provide tailored training for data owners based on their roles, functions, and types of data they handle.
The other options are not as effective as having IT security staff conduct targeted training for data owners:
* Use automatic document classification based on content. This is a possible option, but it may not be feasible or accurate for a small organization. Automatic document classification is a process that uses artificial intelligence or machine learning to analyze the content of a document and assign a class label based on predefined rules or models. However, this process may require a lot of resources, expertise, and maintenance, and it may not capture all the nuances and context of the data. The IS auditor should also verify the reliability and validity of the automatic document classification system.
* Publish the data classification policy on the corporate web portal. This is a good practice, but it is not enough to improve the data classification situation. Publishing the data classification policy on the corporate web portal can increase the visibility and accessibility of the policy, but it does not ensure that data owners will read, understand, and follow it. The IS auditor should also monitor and enforce the compliance with the policy.
* Conduct awareness presentations and seminars for information classification policies. This is a useful measure, but it is not the most effective one. Conducting awareness presentations and seminars can raise the general awareness and knowledge of information classification policies among all employees, but it may not address the specific needs and challenges of data owners. The IS auditor should also provide more in-depth and practical training for data owners.
NEW QUESTION # 104
下列哪一項是敏捷開發相對於瀑布開發的最大優勢？
- A. 敏捷開發重視合約談判而非客戶協作。
- B. 敏捷開發更重視工作軟體而不是靜態文件。
- C. 敏捷開發重視遵循計畫而不是回應變化。
- D. 敏捷開發重視流程和工具，而不是個人和互動。
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 105
IS 審計員在計畫評估組織的最終使用者計算 (EUC) 計畫時要考慮下列哪一項最重要？
- A. 每個最終使用者工具的 IT 擁有者的標識
- B. 最終使用者工具處理的資料的完整性
- C. 將最終使用者工具納入 IT 平衡記分卡中
- D. 關鍵最終使用者的培訓計畫課程
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 106
下列哪一項是識別一組交易中的詐欺活動最有效的方法？
- A. 迴歸分析
- B. 控制自我評估 (CSA)
- C. 本福定律分析
- D. 與控制項擁有者的訪談
Answer: C
Explanation:
Benford's law analysis is a powerful technique for identifying irregularities or anomalies in numerical datasets, such as financial transactions. It detects deviations from expected frequency distributions, which may indicate fraud.
* Control Self-Assessments (CSAs) (Option A): Useful for control evaluation but not for fraud detection.
* Interviews with Control Owners (Option B): Provide insights but are not efficient for identifying fraudulent patterns.
* Regression Analysis (Option C): Effective for predictive modeling but less so for detecting fraud in transactional data.
Reference: ISACA CISA Review Manual, Job Practice Area 4: Protection of Information Assets.
NEW QUESTION # 107
在定義 IS 審計範圍時，下列哪一項最重要？
- A. 讓業務參與範圍說明書的製定
- B. 使 IS 稽核程序與 IT 管理優先權保持一致
- C. 最大限度地減少組織 IS 審計程序的時間和成本
- D. 了解 IT 與業務風險之間的關係
Answer: D
Explanation:
The most important factor when defining the IS audit scope is to understand the relationship between IT and business risks, as this helps to identify the areas that have the most potential impact on the organization's objectives, performance, and value. By understanding the IT and business risks, the IS auditor can focus the audit scope on the key processes, systems, controls, and issues that need to be assessed and addressed.
References
ISACA CISA Review Manual, 27th Edition, page 256
Ten Factors to Consider when Setting the Scope of an Internal Audit
What Is an Audit Scope? | Auditing Basics | KirkpatrickPrice
NEW QUESTION # 108
下列哪一項最有效實現大量軟體變更的一致性？
- A. 發布有關開發和發布管理的最新政策
- B. 管理階層對已發佈程式碼的詳細異常報告進行審查
- C. 一項持續進行的軟體部署最佳實踐宣傳活動
- D. 使用持續整合和部署管道
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 109
IT 平衡計分卡主要用於：
- A. 監控 IT 相關流程中的風險
- B. 評估 IT 專案組合
- C. 衡量 IT 策略績效
- D. 分配 IT 預算與資源
Answer: C
Explanation:
An IT balanced scorecard is primarily used for measuring IT strategic performance. An IT balanced scorecard is a framework that translates the IT strategy into measurable objectives, indicators, targets, and initiatives across four perspectives: financial, customer, internal process, and learning and growth. An IT balanced scorecard helps to monitor and evaluate how well the IT function is delivering value to the organization, achieving its strategic goals, and improving its capabilities and competencies. The other options are not the primary uses of an IT balanced scorecard, because they either focus on specific aspects of IT rather than the overall performance, or they are not directly related to the IT strategy. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version)1, Chapter 1, Section 1.2.3
NEW QUESTION # 110
IS 審計員正在評估從本地系統到雲端的企業資源規劃 (ERP) 遷移。誰應該負責這個項目中的資料分類？
- A. 資料架構師
- B. 資訊安全官
- C. 資訊擁有者
- D. 資料庫管理員 (DBA)
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 111
在軟體開發專案的設計階段，IS 審核員的主要職責是評估：
- A. 納入系統規格的控制。
- B. 應用程式的未來相容性。
- C. 採用的開發方法。
- D. 應用程式的建議功能。
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The primary responsibility of an IS auditor during the design phase of a software development project is to evaluate the controls incorporated into the system specifications. Controls are mechanisms or procedures that aim to ensure the security, reliability, or performance of a system or process. System specifications are documents that define and describe the requirements, features, functions, or components of a system or software. Evaluating the controls incorporated into the system specifications is a key responsibility of an IS auditor during the design phase of a software development project, as it helps ensure that the system or software meets the organization's objectives, standards, and expectations for security, reliability, or performance. The other options are not primary responsibilities of an IS auditor during the design phase of a software development project, as they do not directly relate to evaluating the controls incorporated into the system specifications. Future compatibility of the application is a possible factor that may affect the functionality or usability of the application in different environments or platforms, but it is not a primary responsibility of an IS auditor during the design phase of a software development project. Proposed functionality of the application is a possible factor that may affect the suitability or value of the application for meeting user needs or expectations, but it is not a primary responsibility of an IS auditor during the design phase of a software development project. Development methodology employed is a possible factor that may affect the quality or consistency of the software development process, but it is not a primary responsibility of an IS auditor during the design phase of a software development project. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 3, Section 3.3
NEW QUESTION # 112
IS 審計員正在計劃對組織的應付帳款流程進行審計。在審計中評估下列哪項控制措施最重要？
- A. 授權層級的管理審核與核准
- B. 採購訂單的管理審核與核准
- C. 發出採購訂單與付款之間的職責分離
- D. 接收發票和設定授權限制之間的職責分離
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 113
已完成對複雜作業排程工具的部署的實施後審核 下列哪項觀察結果是最令人關注的？
- A. 調度工具中未啟用資料加密設定。
- B. 整個專案的完成時間比計畫的要長。
- C. IT 無需尋求提供者的批准即可了解自訂工具設定。
- D. IT 團隊透過通用帳戶存取排程器管理面板。
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 114
下列何者是減輕員工不當活動風險最有效的控制措施？
- A. 訪問重新認證
- B. 雙重認證
- C. 網路分段
- D. 使用者活動監控
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The answer A is correct because user activity monitoring is the most effective control to mitigate against the risk of inappropriate activity by employees. User activity monitoring (UAM) is the process of tracking and recording the actions and behaviors of users on devices, networks, or applications that belong to an organization. UAM can help to prevent, detect, and respond to insider threats, such as data theft, fraud, sabotage, or misuse of resources. UAM can also help to enforce policies, ensure compliance, and improve productivity and performance.
Some of the benefits of UAM are:
Prevention: UAM can deter employees from engaging in inappropriate activity by making them aware that their actions are monitored and recorded. UAM can also prevent unauthorized access or use of sensitive data or resources by implementing access controls, encryption, or alerts.
Detection: UAM can detect any anomalies, deviations, or violations in user activity by analyzing the data collected from various sources, such as logs, keystrokes, screenshots, or video recordings. UAM can also use artificial intelligence or machine learning to identify patterns, trends, or risks in user behavior.
Response: UAM can respond to any incidents or issues related to user activity by notifying the relevant stakeholders, such as managers, security teams, or auditors. UAM can also provide evidence or proof of user activity for investigation or remediation purposes.
Some examples of UAM tools are:
Teramind: Teramind is a cloud-based UAM platform that offers features such as user behavior analytics, risk scoring, policy enforcement, data loss prevention, and productivity optimization.
Digital Guardian: Digital Guardian is a data protection platform that offers UAM capabilities such as endpoint detection and response, data classification and tagging, and threat hunting and incident response.
XPLG: XPLG is a log management and analysis platform that offers UAM features such as log aggregation and correlation, user behavior profiling and anomaly detection, and real-time alerts and dashboards.
The other options are not as effective as option A. Two-factor authentication (option B) is a security mechanism that requires users to provide two pieces of evidence to verify their identity before accessing a system or resource. Two-factor authentication can enhance the security and privacy of user accounts, but it does not monitor or record the user activity after the authentication. Network segmentation (option C) is a technique that divides a network into smaller subnetworks based on criteria such as function, location, or security level. Network segmentation can improve the performance, security, and manageability of a network by reducing congestion, isolating threats, and enforcing policies. However, network segmentation does not track or record the user activity within each segment of the network. Access recertification (option D) is a process that verifies and validates the access rights of users to systems or resources periodically or on-demand.
Access recertification can ensure that users have the appropriate level of access based on their roles and responsibilities, but it does not monitor or record the user activity with the access rights.
References:
[User Activity Monitoring: Examples and Best Practices | SEON]
Top 10 user activity monitoring tools: software features and tracking price - Dashly blog What is User Activity Monitoring? How It Works, Benefits, Best Practices and More - Digital Guardian What Is User Activity Monitoring? Learn the What, Why, and How - XPLG
NEW QUESTION # 115
一家小型金融機構正準備實施支票影像處理系統，以支援計畫中的行動銀行產品。下列哪一項對於系統的成功實施最為關鍵？
- A. 控制設計
- B. 最終使用者培訓
- C. 整合測試
- D. 可行性研究
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 116
在製定長期審核計畫時，下列哪一項可以最好地概述組織的審核範圍？
- A. IT 策略
- B. 企業架構 (EA)
- C. 邏輯資料架構
- D. 風險登記冊
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 117
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